Childhood trauma and lifestyle behaviours in adulthood: a systematic review

Objective: Childhood trauma's role in adult obesity has gained significant attention, with recent research suggesting a broader link beyond eating pathologies. However, little is known regarding this association in the non-clinical populations - individuals who have not sought clinical support or received formal diagnoses. This systematic review aimed to examine the association between childhood trauma and four modifiable unhealthy behaviours (smoking, excessive alcohol use, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet) in non-clinical obesity populations, as well as the impact of each trauma type and dose-response relationship. Method: A comprehensive search of four electronic databases was conducted, and studies that examined the association between childhood trauma and at least one of the four specific health behaviours in non-clinical populations were included. Results: A total of 28 studies met the inclusion criteria in our search. Findings consistently demonstrated an association between childhood trauma and smoking, alcohol use, and an unhealthy diet, while results on physical inactivity were mixed due to variations in measurements. Dose-response relationships were identified for smoking and alcohol use. Specific trauma subtypes displayed stronger associations with particular behaviours. Conclusion: This review supported the link between childhood trauma and unhealthy behaviours in non-clinical adult populations. It underscores the need for prevention strategies and improved trauma-informed care within our communities.