The expanded roles of Sertoli cells: lessons from Sertoli cell ablation models

Since Enrico Sertoli's first depiction of Sertoli cells in the 19th century, the role of Sertoli cells as a hub for both testis biology and as a potential therapeutic tool, continues to grow. The function of Sertoli cells in the orchestration of testis differentiation and their role in nurturing germ cells in adult life has been well characterised in recent years. The combination of cell culture, isolation techniques and the development of a plethora of transgenic models has put an emphasis on the inter-cellular dialogue and regulation between Sertoli and the other testicular cell types. More recently, the use of a Sertoli cell ablation model has identified a number of unexpected functions carried out by the Sertoli cells during testis development and in the adult. The accumulation of data has not only unlocked a new paradigm in reproductive function and regulation but also guides new strategies in transplantation approaches. In this review, we summarise the recently identified, expanded roles of Sertoli cells and describe their importance in relation to topics such as endocrine disruption, infertility and new tools for therapy.