The PULSE (Prevention Using LifeStyle Education) trial protocol: a randomised controlled trial of a Type 2 Diabetes Prevention programme for men.

Background: Intensive lifestyle interventions have been successful in reducing type 2 diabetes incidence. Whether intensive programmes requiring face-to-face contact, trained staff and access to facilities are feasible, on a larger scale, has been debated. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the feasibility and efficacy of a lifestyle intervention for type 2 diabetes prevention in men using an assessor-blinded, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. The 'Type 2 Diabetes PULSE (Prevention Using LifeStyle Education) Programme for Men' is a 6-month, self-administered, gender-tailored lifestyle intervention, with a multicomponent approach (weight loss, dietary modification, aerobic exercise and resistance training). Eligible men were aged 18-65 years, overweight/obese (BMI 25-40 kg m(-2)) and at high-risk for type 2 diabetes (score = 12, Australian diabetes risk tool). Men with diagnosed prediabetes were eligible, but those with type 1 and 2 diabetes were ineligible. Randomisation was stratified by age (<50 or = 50 years) and BMI category (kg m(-2): 25-29.9; 30-34.9; 35-40) to the intervention or wait-list control group. Data are collected at study entry (baseline), 3 and 6 months. The primary outcome is weight change at 6 months. Secondary outcomes include: fasting plasma glucose, HbA1C, waist circumference, body composition, blood pressure, diet quality, aerobic fitness, muscular fitness and physical activity. Generalised linear mixed models (intention-to-treat) will assess outcomes for treatment (intervention vs. control), time (baseline, 3 and 6-months) and the treatment-by-time interaction. Conclusion: The results will determine the efficacy of a type 2 diabetes prevention programme for men with potential for wide reach and dissemination.