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Fasting whole blood fatty acid profile and risk of type 2 diabetes in adults: a nested case control study

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posted on 2025-05-11, 09:43 authored by Amani Alhazmi, Elizabeth StojanovskiElizabeth Stojanovski, Manohar L. Garg, Mark McEvoyMark McEvoy
Objective: to determine the association of fasting whole blood fatty acid concentrations with incidence of type 2 diabetes in adults. Methods: A nested case-control study of 187 subjects from a cohort of men and women aged 55–85 years from the Hunter Region, New South Wales, Australia. Fasting whole blood fatty acids were measured using gas chromatography and incidence of type 2 diabetes was ascertained by self-reported questionnaire at the study follow-up. Results: After adjustment for potential confounding variables, positive associations with type 2 diabetes were seen for dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) (OR = 1.04, 95% CI:1.01–1.07, P = 0.01); arachidonic acid (ARA) (OR = 1.01, 95% CI:1.00–1.01, P = 0.002); alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03–1.18, P = 0.01); eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (OR = 1.05, 95% CI:1.02–1.08, P = 0.001); and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (OR = 1.03, 95% CI:1.02–1.05, P,0.0001). Lignoceric acid is significantly associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92–0.99, P = 0.01). Conclusion: These data suggest that higher fasting whole blood concentrations of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6PUFA) (ARA and DGLA) as well as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3PUFA) (ALA, EPA, and DHA) are associated with an increased risk of diabetes, whereas increased fasting whole blood concentrations of lignoceric acid is inversely associated with diabetes risk.

History

Journal title

PLoS ONE

Volume

9

Issue

5

Publisher

Public Library of Science

Language

  • en, English

College/Research Centre

Faculty of Health and Medicine

School

School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy

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