When imaging is needed to investigate a patient's neurological problem, computerised tomography is the initial modality to use. Magnetic resonance imaging is increasingly used, but like the other imaging modalities it has strengths and weaknesses that need to be understood if it is to be used efficiently. The main strength of magnetic resonance imaging is its inherently superior soft tissue contrast because of its ability to image many different tissue characteristics. The emerging indications in neurology are based on imaging additional tissue characteristics.