Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study into the effect of titanium dioxide added to the alkaline manganese dioxide cathode

A combination of step potential electrochemical spectroscopy (SPECS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been used to examine the effect of anatase titanium dioxide added to the alkaline manganese dioxide electrode. The inclusion of titanium dioxide was found to improve performance by lowering the resistance to charge transfer at the MnO₂/electrolyte/graphite interface. Furthermore, a consideration of mass transport processes within the electrode indicates that titanium ions may become incorporated into the γ-MnO₂ lattice upon cycling, impacting H⁺/e⁻ mass transport.