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An empirical approach to the normality of pi

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journal contribution
posted on 2025-05-10, 08:14 authored by David H. Bailey, Jonathan M. Borwein, Cristian S. Calude, Michael J. Dinneen, Monica Dumitrescu, Alex Yee
Using the results of several extremely large recent computations, we tested positively the normality of a prefix of roughly four trillion hexadecimal digits of π. This result was used by a Poisson process model of normality of π: in this model, it is extraordinarily unlikely that π is not asymptotically normal base 16, given the normality of its initial segment.

History

Journal title

Experimental Mathematics

Volume

21

Issue

4

Pagination

375-384

Publisher

Taylor & Francis

Language

  • en, English

College/Research Centre

Faculty of Science and Information Technology

School

School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences

Rights statement

This is an electronic version of an article published in Experimental Mathematics Vol. 21, Issue 4, p. 375-384. Experimental Mathematics is available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/openurl?genre=article&issn=1058-6458&volume=21&issue=4&spage=375

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