A confirmatory approach for integrating neural and behavioral data into a single model

Recent decades have witnessed amazing advances in both mathematical models of cognition and in the field of cognitive neuroscience. These developments were initially independent of one another, but recently the fields have started to become interested in joining forces. The resulting joint modeling of behavioral and neural data can be difficult, but has proved fruitful. We briefly review different approaches used in decision-making research for linking behavioral and neural data, and also provide an example. Our example provides a tight link between behavioral data and evoked scalp potentials measured during mental rotation. The example model illustrates a powerful hypothesis-driven way of linking such data sets. We demonstrate the use of such a model, provide a model comparison against interesting alternatives, and discuss the conclusions that follow from applying such a joint model.