A Delphi study to establish consensus on an educational package of musculoskeletal clinical prediction rules for physiotherapy clinical educators

Background: Clinical prediction rules (CPRs) are evidence-based tools to aid clinical decision-making, and there are many that are relevant for physiotherapists, especially in the musculoskeletal field. However, a lack of awareness and understanding by physiotherapy clinical educators could limit students' exposure to these potentially valuable tools. An educational package tailored for clinical educators could help them recognise the value of CPRs and implement them in clinical practice with students. Objectives: To determine consensus on the essential content and optimal delivery of an educational package on musculoskeletal CPRs for physiotherapy clinical educators. Design: An online survey of physiotherapy experts who have published on CPRs, using a Delphi approach. Method: Sixteen experts were recruited for a two-round reactive Delphi study in which they rated previously identified elements, as well as suggesting new items for an educational package. Findings: A pre-defined consensus of =70% identified that the content of an educational package should cover fundamental aspects of CPRs including why, when and how to use them clinically, and their limitations. Information on the evidence-base of different types of CPRs, with specific examples, was also identified as important. Online delivery was recommended via self-directed learning and webinars, along with electronic versions of actual CPRs. A self-assessment component was also supported. Conclusions: An educational package on musculoskeletal CPRs for clinical educators was supported with key elements outlined by an international panel of experts. Implications: Improving clinical educators' knowledge of CPRs may lead to physiotherapy students having a greater understanding and ability to use CPRs.